Operating Systems Ndedzipi shanduro dzeWindows operating system?

Operating Systems

1. Windows:
   Windows operating system ndeimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa masisitimu ekushandisa munyika.
   Iyi sisitimu yakagadzirwa neMicrosoft uye inoshandiswa mumakomputa mazhinji emunhu.
   Iyo ine-nyore-kushandisa-interface uye inopa akawanda maficha uye mapurogiramu ekushandisa.
2. Linux:
   Iyo Linux inoshanda sisitimu inoonekwa seimwe yakasimba uye yakakurumbira yakavhurika sosi yekushandisa masisitimu.
   Iyo inoratidzirwa nekuchinjika uye kuchengetedzeka, uye inoonekwa seinofarirwa nevagadziri uye hobbyists mumunda weruzivo tekinoroji.
   Linux inoshandiswa mumidziyo yakawanda senge nharembozha uye maseva.
3. iOS:
   Iyo inoshanda sisitimu yakagadziridzwa neApple uye inoshandiswa chete muzvigadzirwa zvayo senge iPhone uye iPad.
   iOS inoratidzira yakanaka uye yakatsetseka interface, uye inopa yakanakisa mushandisi ruzivo ine akawanda ega maapplication nemasevhisi.
4. Android:
   Iyo Android inoshanda sisitimu ndeimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa mashandiro masisitimu munyika uye inofarirwa nemafoni uye mahwendefa.
   Iyi sisitimu yakagadzirwa neGoogle, uye inopa shanduko huru kune vashandisi nekuda kwechitoro chikuru chezvishandiso zvakasiyana uye zvigadziriso.
5. macOS:
   Iyo inoshanda sisitimu yakagadzirwa neApple uye inoshandiswa chete paMac zvishandiso.
   Mac OS yakagadzikana uye yakachengeteka sisitimu yekushandisa, uye inopa yakanaka uye iri nyore kushandisa mushandisi interface uye seti yezvishandiso zvakasarudzika.

Mukupedzisa, iyo inoshanda sisitimu ndeimwe yeakakosha zvikamu zvechero komputa.
Iyo inotarisira uye inoronga ese mabasa, zvirongwa uye zvikamu zvinodiwa pakushanda zvakanaka kwechishandiso.
Masisitimu ekushanda anosiyana muchimiro uye maficha avanopa, saka iyo yakakodzera sisitimu inofanirwa kusarudzwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemushandisi.

Chii chakakosha cheiyo yekushandisa system?

Iyo inoshanda sisitimu chikamu chakakosha chechero komputa, uye inoita basa rakakosha mukuwana yakatsetseka uye inoshanda mushandisi ruzivo.
Heino rondedzero inoratidza kukosha kweiyo inoshanda sisitimu:

1. Resource Control: Iyo inoshanda sisitimu chishandiso chine simba chekudzora nekugadzirisa zviwanikwa, senge main memory uye hard disk.
   Nekuda kwekutonga uku, sisitimu inogona kunyatso kugovera zviwanikwa uye kugadzirisa mashandiro echishandiso.
2. Kukurukurirana pakati pemushandisi nemudziyo: Iyo inoshanda sisitimu inoonekwa seyakakosha nzira yekutaurirana pakati pemushandisi nekombuta.
   Inopa chimiro chakareruka kuburikidza iyo mushandisi anogona kudyidzana nemapurogiramu uye maapplication uye kuita mashandiro akasiyana.
3. Link pakati pevashandisi nemapurogiramu: Iyo inoshanda sisitimu ndiyo huru yekubatanidza nzvimbo pakati pevashandisi nemapurogiramu akaiswa pakombuta.
   Iyo sisitimu inobata zvakananga nezvirongwa, inozviita, uye inozvitakura kuti imhanye.
4. Kupa iyo yekushandisa interface: Iyo inoshanda sisitimu inopa nyore-kushandisa-kushandisa interface, uko mushandisi anogona kupindirana nezvishandiso uye zvirongwa zviri nyore.
   Iyo sisitimu inobatsirawo kuronga akawanda ekutanga mabasa akadai semafaira manejimendi, internet, uye kutaurirana.
5. Hardware Configuration: Iyo inoshanda sisitimu inokwenenzvera uye kugadzirisa zvishandiso pamudziyo zvakaita semaprinta, scanner, uye odhiyo.
   Inobatsira kubatanidza zvishandiso izvi kukombiyuta uye kuita kuti zvigadzirire kushandiswa.
6. Chengetedzo nedziviriro: Iyo inoshanda sisitimu ndechimwe chezvinhu zvikuru mukupa chengetedzo yedata uye chengetedzo kubva pakurwisa kwemagetsi.
   Inopa maitiro ekuchengetedza ruzivo rwemunhu uye kumhanya anti-virus zvirongwa.

Ndedzipi shanduro dzeWindows operating system?

Microsoft Windows ndeimwe yemakomputa makuru anoshanda masisitimu uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya pasirese.
Shanduro dzakawanda dzakasiyana dzakagadzirwa nekufamba kwemakore, sezvo Microsoft yakavandudza uye yakagadzira sisitimu kuti iite simba uye nyore kushandisa.
Heino rondedzero yedzimwe shanduro dzine mukurumbira:

1. Windows 1.0, XNUMX, XNUMX:
   أول إصدار لـWindows صدر في نوفمبر 1985.
   كان واجهة مستخدمه بسيطة وقليلة الإمكانيات.
2. Windows 3.0, XNUMX, XNUMX:
   Yakabudiswa muna 1990 uye yakapa kuvandudzwa kwakakosha mukuita uye kugadzikana.
   Yakagadzirirwa kushanda pamakomputa ane yakaderera kumhanya processors.
3. Windows 95, XNUMX, XNUMX:
   Yakaburitswa muna 1995 uye yakaona shanduko huru mushandisi yekushandisa uye zvishandiso zvepamhepo.
   Windows 95 ndiyo vhezheni yakatipa yakajairika Start menyu.
4. Windows Xp:
   Yakaburitswa muna 2001, ndeimwe yeakakurumbira uye akabudirira kuburitswa.
   Windows XP yakaunza kuvandudzwa kukuru mukuita uye kuchengetedzeka.
5. Windows 7, XNUMX, XNUMX:
   Yakaburitswa muna 2009, yakapa yakagadzikana uye yakatsetseka mushandisi ruzivo uye inoonekwa seimwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa shanduro dzeWindows kusvika parizvino.
6. Windows 8, XNUMX, XNUMX:
   Yakaburitswa muna 2012 uye yakaunza ruzivo rutsva rwemushandisi ine mushandisi interface inozivikanwa se "Start Screen" inotsamira pakubata.
7. Windows 10, XNUMX, XNUMX:
   Yakaburitswa muna 2015 uye ndiyo yazvino vhezheni yekushandisa system.
   Windows 10 kuvandudzwa kukuru pane dzakapfuura uye inopa maficha emazuva ano seApp Store uye mubatsiri wega wega anozivikanwa saCortana.

Aya ndiwo mamwe emhando dzakakurumbira dzeWindows, uye rondedzero inosanganisirawo mamwe akawanda mavhezheni akaburitswa mumakore.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti zvigadziriso uye mamwe mavhezheni eiyo sisitimu yekushandisa anoburitswa nguva nenguva kuti avandudze kuchengetedzeka uye kuita uye kuwedzera maficha matsva.

Kuti utarise kuti ndeipi vhezheni yako iri kushanda, unogona kudzvanya Windows logo kiyi + R wobva wanyora "winver" mubhokisi rekutsvaga uye tarisa vhezheni inoratidzwa pahwindo rinobuda.

Iri kupi sisitimu yekushandisa iri mukombuta?

Iyo inoshanda sisitimu ndiyo yekutanga software inodzora kushanda kwekombuta uye inogadzirisa zvese zvayo zvikamu.
Asi iyi system yakaiswa papi muchishandiso? Ngatizvionei mune iyi rondedzero.

1. Hard Disk:
   Iyo inoshanda sisitimu yakaiswa pane komputa hard drive.
   Mafaira makuru ehurongwa anochengetwa mune chimwe chikamu cheiyo hard disk, uye kubva kwavari iyo nzira yekushanda inotangwa kana komputa yakavhurwa.
2. Kwekutanga kudhaunirodha:
   Kana komputa ichitanga, nhanho yekutanga yehurongwa hwekushandisa inotakurwa kubva kune yakatsaurwa partition pane hard disk nechirongwa chidiki chinonzi Bootloader.
   Ichi chirongwa chinoita mirairo yekutanga kurodha yakasara yeanoshanda system.
3. CD kana flash disk:
   Pane mamwe maturusi, sisitimu yekushandisa inogona kuiswa paCD/DVD kana USB flash drive.
   Nzira idzi dzinoshandiswa kuisa hurongwa pakombiyuta kana kushanda kwenguva pfupi kana pane dambudziko ne diski yakaoma.
4. RAM:
   Mushure mekunge chikamu chekutanga chebhoti charemerwa, zvimwe zvezvikamu zvakakosha zvesisitimu yekushandisa zvinotakurwa mundangariro yekuwana isina kujairika (RAM), inova rudzi rwekurangarira kwenguva pfupi.
   Iyo inoshanda sisitimu inoshandisa izvi zvikamu zvakachengetwa muRAM kuve nechokwadi chekukurumidza kuita uye kuita kwakatsetseka kwekushanda.
5. Updates:
   Panogona kunge paine zvigadziriso kune inoshanda sisitimu nguva nenguva.
   Aya magadzirirwo anotorwa uye anoiswa pane yako hard drive kana dzimwe nguva kuburikidza neInternet.
   Zvigadziriso zvinogadzirisa kusasimba muhurongwa, kunatsiridza mashandiro, uye kuwedzera maficha matsva.

Tinogona kutaura kuti sisitimu yekushandisa yakaiswa uye inomhanya kuburikidza neiyo hard disk, CD, kana USB flash drive mukombuta.
Iyo zvakare inovimba ne RAM kurodha uye kumhanya zvimwe zvikamu.
Iwe unogona kuda zvigadziriso nguva nenguva kuti uvandudze mashandiro ehurongwa uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza kwayo.

Chii chinonzi operating system?

• Iyo inoshanda sisitimu chirongwa chakakosha chekombuta chinobata uye chinodzora Hardware yekombuta uye inofambisa kushanda kwezvirongwa uye mamwe maapplication.
  Iyo inoshanda sisitimu ndiyo interface pakati pemushandisi nekombuta, kuronga nekugadzirisa mabasa uye zviwanikwa.
• Kune akawanda masisitimu anoshanda aripo, akadai seWindows kubva kuMicrosoft, Mac OS kubva kuApple, Linux, uye Android, uye aya masisitimu anosiyana muchimiro chavo uye kugona kwavo.
• Iyo inoshanda sisitimu inobata iyo yepakati processor, RAM, hard disk units, uye zvimwe zvese zvikamu mukombuta.
• Iyo inoshanda sisitimu ine seti yezvirongwa zvekutanga senge bootloader, iyo system kernel inodzora mashandiro echishandiso, uye mushandisi interface inobvumira mushandisi kusangana nekombuta.
• Iyo inoshanda sisitimu inopa iri nyore-kushandisa-interface kune mushandisi, uko mushandisi anogona kuita mabasa mazhinji sekuvhura maapplication, kubhurawuza paInternet, kugadzira nekugadzirisa magwaro, kuwedzera pakugadzirisa mafaera, maprinta, uye zvimwe zvishandiso.
• Masisitimu ekushanda anosiyana mukugona kubata zviwanikwa zvekombuta, uye kune masisitimu anoshanda akagadzirirwa zvakanangana nemidziyo yakadai sema smartphones nemapiritsi.
• Iyo inoshanda sisitimu inoonekwa seyakanyanya kukosha purogiramu pakombiyuta, sezvo inobvumira mushandisi kuita mabasa ese uye maapplication.
  Izvo zvakakosha kuti sisitimu yekushandisa ive yakagadzikana uye yakachengeteka kudzivirira chero matambudziko kana kutadza kwehurongwa.
• Masisitimu ekushandisa anogara achigadziridzwa uye akagadziridzwa kuvandudza mashandiro uye kuwedzera maficha matsva, uye mushandisi anogona kugadzirisa sisitimu yekushandisa kuburikidza neInternet kuti atore mukana wekuvandudza.
• Iyo inoshanda sisitimu ndiyo musana wekombuta chero ipi zvayo, sezvo inotarisira zviwanikwa uye zvirongwa uye inoita kuti zvive nyore kumushandisi kushandisa komputa nyore uye zvinobudirira.

Ndezvipi zvikamu zvehurongwa hwekushanda?

Iyo inoshanda sisitimu ndiyo software inomhanya uye inogadzirisa zvakakosha zvikamu zvekombuta uye inobvumira mushandisi kuita mabasa akasiyana.
Pano tinoongorora zvishanu zvezvinhu zvikuru zvinoumba hwaro hweiyo inoshanda sisitimu:

XNUMX.
النواة:
Iyo kernel ndechimwe chezvakanyanya kukosha muhurongwa hwekushandisa.
Ndicho chinhu chakakosha chinopindirana zvakananga neese Hardware mukombuta, senge yepakati yekugadzirisa unit, ndangariro, uye yekupinza uye yekubuda zvikamu.
Iyo kernel ine akawanda akakosha mabasa akadai sekutarisira basa, kuronga uye kuronga, uye ndangariro manejimendi.

XNUMX.
واجهة المستخدم:
Ichi chikamu chinobvumira mushandisi kudyidzana neiyo inoshanda sisitimu kuburikidza nemhando dzakasiyana siyana, senge magiraidhi, zvinyorwa, uye zvidhori.
Inowanzo kuve nezvinhu zvakaita sebharaki rebasa, menyu yekutanga, uye desktop.
Iyo mushandisi interface inopa iri nyore nzira yekuti mushandisi apedze mabasa uye kuwana mafaera uye maapplication.

XNUMX.
Memory management:
Memory management ine basa rekuronga uye kugovera ndangariro mumudziyo.
Inobata nekugovera nzvimbo yekurangarira kumapurogiramu akasiyana uye kuona kuti kusawirirana hakuitike pakati pavo.
Iyo inodzorawo ndangariro chaiyo, uko sisitimu inogona kushandisa chikamu cheiyo hard disk seyenguva ndangariro.

XNUMX.
مدير الملفات:
Ichi chikamu chine basa rekugadzirisa mafaera uye maforodha pakombuta.
File Manager inopa vashandisi kugona kugadzira, kugadzirisa uye kudzima mafaera nemaforodha.
Inobatawo nekuronga nekuronga mafaera nenzira yakakodzera, sekurongedza nerudzi kana zuva.

XNUMX.
مدير الأجهزة:
Ichi chikamu chine basa rekubata nemidziyo yekunze yakabatana nekombuta, senge maprinta, scanner, uye keyboards.
Device Manager inobatanidza zvishandiso izvi kune sisitimu, inozviziva, uye inobvumira mushandisi kuti azvidzore kuburikidza neiyo inoshanda sisitimu.

Muchidimbu, sisitimu inoshanda seti yezvikamu zvinoshanda pamwechete kufambisa nekuvandudza kushanda kwekombuta.
Kuburikidza nekernel, mushandisi interface, ndangariro maneja, faira maneja uye mudziyo maneja, kusanganisa system uye kugona kunowanikwa uye ruzivo rwemushandisi runowedzerwa.

Ndeipi yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa masisitimu ekushandisa?

Masisitimu ekushanda akakosha pakushanda kwemakomputa nemidziyo yakangwara, uye ari pakati peakanyanya kukosha mapurogiramu anogadzirisa mashandisirwo echishandiso uye kufambisa kudyidzana pakati pemushandisi nemudziyo.
Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora mamwe eanonyanya kufarirwa masisitimu anoshanda pasirese:

1. Windows OS:
   Iyo Windows inoshanda sisitimu inoonekwa seimwe yeakakurumbira uye akapararira masisitimu munyika.
   تم تطويره من قبل شركة مايكروسوفت العالمية، وبدأ استخدامه في عام 1985.
   يقدم ويندوز واجهة سهلة الاستخدام تتيح للمستخدم تشغيل البرامج وإدارة الملفات بسهولة.
2. macOS:
   Ndiyo sisitimu yekushandisa inoshandiswa muApple's Macintosh laptop komputa.
   Mac inozivikanwa nekutaridzika kwayo uye yakapusa mushandisi interface, uye kutarisa kwayo pane yakatsetseka uye inoshanda mushandisi ruzivo.
   macOS inopa akawanda akakosha maficha uye maapplication seICloud uye iMessage.
3. Linux operating system:
   Linux ndeimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa yakavhurika sosi yekushandisa masisitimu.
   Iyo yemahara uye inogona kugadziridzwa uye kukudziridzwa nevashandisi.
   Linux yakavakirwa paLinux kernel uye ine akawanda akasiyana anogovera seUbuntu, Fedora, uye Debian.
4. iOS:
   Ndiyo sisitimu yekushandisa inoshandiswa muPhones uye iPads kubva kuApple.
   iOS inoratidzirwa nekuchengetedzeka kwayo uye kushanda kwakatsetseka, uye nekupa huwandu hwakawanda hwezvishandiso zvinobatsira uye zvishandiso zvemushandisi.
5. Android operating system:
   Iyo yakavhurika sosi yekushandisa system inoshandiswa muma smartphones kubva kune vakasiyana vagadziri vakaita seSamsung, Huawei, uye Google Pixel.
   Android inochinjika uye inoenderana nehuwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa uye masevhisi.
6. Chrome OS:
   Ndiyo sisitimu yekushandisa inoshandiswa muChromebook laptops kubva kuGoogle.
   Chrome OS inovimba nemaapplication ewebhu uye kuchengetedza kwegore, uye inokurumidza, yakachengeteka, uye iri nyore kushandisa.

Aya ndiwo mamwe eanonyanya kufarirwa masisitimu anoshanda pasirese.
Iko kushandiswa kwega yega sisitimu yekushandisa inosiyana zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemushandisi uye zvaunofarira, uye zvakakosha kusarudza sisitimu inoenderana nezvido zvako uye inokupa iwe unoshanda uye wakatsetseka mushandisi ruzivo.

macOS

Apple yakagadzira macOS, inoonekwa seimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa masisitimu ekushandisa munyika.
Iyi sisitimu inopa yakasarudzika ruzivo kune vashandisi vayo, ine seti yezvinyowani maficha uye inoshanda interface.
Pano iwe unowana runyorwa rweakanyanya mukurumbira maficha eiyo macOS inoshanda sisitimu:

1. Yakareruka uye intuitive mushandisi ruzivo: Iyo macOS interface iri nyore kushandisa uye intuitive, ichipa inokurumidza kuwanikwa menyu uye kugona kubata mafaera zviri nyore.
2. Kubatanidzwa nemamwe maturusi eApple: macOS chikamu cheiyo yakabatanidzwa Apple ecosystem, inoenderana zvisingaite neMac, iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, uye Apple TV.
3. Kuchengetedzeka kwepamusoro: macOS ine yakasimba chengetedzo sisitimu, inosanganisira yenguva dzose inogadziridza kuti ibate kusadzivirirwa uye chengeta wega data uye ruzivo rwakadzama zvakavanzika.
4. Nharaunda yakasimba yevagadziri: Kune akawanda maapplication uye software yakagadziridzwa yakananga macOS, ichipa yakakura uye yakasarudzika mushandisi ruzivo kune vashandisi vayo.
5. Tora mukana weCloud: Unogona kushandisa iCloud nyore kuwana mafaera ako, mapikicha, uye backups pamidziyo yako yese.
   macOS inobvumirawo zvirimo kuti zviwirirane pakati pezvishandiso zvakasiyana zveApple.
6. Yakasimba seti yezvakavakirwa-mukati maapuro: macOS inouya yakaiswa neyakasiyana-siyana yakavakirwa-mukati maapuro, anosanganisira Safari (yekubhurawuza), Tsamba (yeemail), Mapeji, Nhamba, Keynote (yehofisi mafaera), uye zvimwe zvakawanda.
7. Iva nezvibereko zvakanyanya: macOS inopa akawanda maturusi uye maficha anobatsira kuwedzera kugadzirwa, kusanganisira yebasa rekuona, zviziviso, nguva, uye yakarongeka desktop.
8. Yakasimba Game uye Software Tsigiro: Iyo macOS inoshanda sisitimu ine rutsigiro rwakasimba rwemitambo yakasiyana siyana uye software, ichipa chiitiko chinonakidza uye chinoshanduka kune vashandisi vayo.
9. Chengetedza nguva yekushandisa: Iyo yakavakirwa-mukati Screen Nguva chishandiso mu macOS inogona kushandiswa kutarisa yako mashandisiro echishandiso nguva uye kuseta nguva yekumisikidza kumapurogiramu.
10. Isa zvigadziriso zvetsika: Uchishandisa App Store, zvigadziriso uye zvigadziriso zvakaburitswa neApple zvinogona kuiswa zviri nyore, kuve nechokwadi chekuti mushandisi anogara achibatsirwa kubva mukuvandudza sisitimu.